Summary of Changes to SNAP in Reconciliation

H.R. 1, the final budget reconciliation package passed on July 4, 2025 and known informally as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, makes almost $200 billion in cuts to SNAP over the next ten years, the largest cuts in the program’s history. The final bill is not as damaging as the version initially passed by the House, which was estimated to cut roughly $300 billion in federal spending on SNAP, but it retained numerous damaging provisions. Most critically, the harmful structural changes that shift costs to states could threaten the program’s future by straining state budgets and forcing difficult decisions, especially during recessions or after disasters that cause eligibility to rise while state revenue falls. While implementation of some provisions may be delayed for up to a few years, others may take effect as soon as guidance is issued, and all changes to SNAP are permanent. 

This resource summarizes all of the provisions of the final bill related to SNAP and includes the effective date for each.

For more information on how H.R. 1 shifts costs to states, see this resource: https://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/index.php/resource/reconciliation-provisions-shifting-snap-costs-states.

Note: This is a Share Our Strength-branded version of this resource. For a No Kid Hungry-branded version, see https://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/resource/summary-snap-provisions-reconciliation.